Postural Restoration Institute Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• What happens to people who cannot modify breathing?
• In the PEC pattern, both innominates are stuck in which position?
• Why is ligamentous muscle important?
• What sits atop the left hemi-diaphragm and flattens it?
• Which of the following is NOT a feature of flatback syndrome?
• The Abduction Lift Test is similar to which Adduction Lift Test levels?
• If the top leg AF ER is poor, which muscle groups should be trained?
• During what phase of gait is the knee of the stance leg in the most flexion?
• Which muscle is NOT part of the intrinsic sleeve?
• The proximal fibers of the right glute max perform which action on the ilium?
• In a Left AIC, which pelvic diaphragm is chronically descended?
• Explain the idea of inactive physiology and its potential significance.
• Where are the sympathetic ganglia located within the thoracic region?
• A negative Pelvic Ascension Drop Test indicates which combination of movements for the ilium, femur, and pelvic outlet?
• Which muscles help with R IP ER?
• To Inhibit the Left Anterior Inlet (i.e., promote inlet extension), which muscles are activated?
• What is the recommended HALT Pec score on the Hruska Adduction Lift Test?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between transverse mobility and frontal plane strength?
• Explain how a hyperkyphotic posture is still an extended, hyperinflated posture.
• Which muscle is NOT part of the Left AIC polyarticular chain?
• To Activate the Right Posterior Pelvic Outlet, which muscles are involved?
• The sympathetic ganglia are in what part of the thoracic vertebral bodies?
• A Patho PEC might have what type of findings compared to a PEC?
• What are the six muscles of the Left Anterior Interior Chain (LAIC) polyarticular chain?
• What allows for movement variability?
• Which chest wall must be emptied first to enable right trunk rotation?
• Which muscles comprise the extrinsic sleeve?
• In a normal Right BC, how is the left scapula oriented?
• At what level do you begin training alternating reciprocal activity?
• In the 2014 Advanced Integration manual, neutral is defined as which of the following?
• Which scalene is more active?
• Which ligament limits internal rotation in full hip extension?
• Which two ligaments are responsible for limiting external rotation of the femur in hip extension and in 90 degrees of flexion, respectively?
• What is presbyopia?
• What does an inability to score a one on the Standing Eversion AF Abduction with Trunk Rotation Test indicate?
• The right lower trapezius is analogous to which pelvic muscle?
• What is apposition?
• Which condition is likely to increase dyssynchrony in muscle activity during movement?
• What is the rule of thumb regarding facial alignment and toe position?
• In Standing Wall Supported Reach, how should you cue knee position and center of pressure on the foot?
• The Bilateral BC is like the PEC of which body region?
• Which upper extremity becomes dominant for communication, growth, and development?
• What are the keys for a left-handed pitcher in the windup phase?
• Which muscle enables the lead rib cage to internally rotate for contralateral trunk rotation?
• In a Right BC, shoulder internal rotation is decreased on which side?
• The right serratus anterior can quiet which two muscles?
• Shifting the right knee ahead of the left knee in a 90-90 hip shift causes which muscles to contract and what happens to the right inlet?
• The iliofemoral ligament has two parts. What are they called?
• In this context, AF stands for acetabulo-femoral movement. What is AF?
• L IS IR stands for what?
• Why is vastus lateralis overactivity observed on the left side?
• In a Left Sidelying Right Glute Max position, which muscles should you feel?
• Why might it be beneficial to cue a person to be consciously aware of space and a wall in their left peripheral vision during standing balance on the left leg?
• Which statement about vision is true?
• Which statement best describes the relative number of proprioceptors in the diaphragm?
• Which three muscle groups are commonly overdeveloped in swimmers?
• Which part of the spine shares the same orientation as the diaphragm?
• The right-swing movement is part of the goal for treating which pattern?
• If there is limited hip abduction in one hip, what is the ipsilateral foot likely doing?
• An increase in volar galvanic skin resistance suggests what change in autonomic tone?
• Explain why both obturators have problems in a left AIC.
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four key transverse plane tests?
• In the acceleration phase for a left-handed pitcher, what is the recommended approach to trunk opening?
• What statement describes the Zone of Apposition in this context?
• How might poor sagittal plane movement cause pathology in proximal girdles and ball and socket joints?
• What is an important reference center during the windup phase for a right-handed pitcher, and why?
• Alternating function occurs when what condition on one side exists?
• Which statement accurately describes sight?
• In the case of Superior T4 syndrome, the right scapula may appear retracted due to compensation by which structure?
• In the typical Left AIC, Right BC pattern, what is the position of the spine in the frontal plane below T8, between T8 and C7-T1, and above C7?
• The left lower trapezius and left serratus exercises do what to the mid-thoracic spine and left ribs?
• The dome of the diaphragm sits at what vertebrae?
• In a normal Right BC, the thorax abducts to which direction and rotates to which direction?
• What posture 'locks' a person in extreme sympathetic tone?
• Right shoulder impingement occurs because the right scapula is abducted and anteriorly tipped, which is due to faulty rib positioning. Improving which side's zone of apposition improves right shoulder internal rotation?
• Why is the Left AIC overactive?
• On the Passive Abduction Raise Test, what findings are expected for a Left AIC pattern?
• Can a PEC alternate? Can they reciprocate?
• In Standing Wall Supported Reach, the arms should reach forward at the same angle as which body part?
• Which action is not recommended after running to open the mediastinum?
• If a patient can't feel their internal obliques and transverse abdominis working, which areas might you need to inhibit?
• The angle of optimal articular congruence for the hip is described as 'frog legs.' What description best matches this position?
• During the Supine Reach with Bar Over Feet, if one half of the rib cage is more rigid, what happens to the bar?
• Which statement correctly describes the length status of the obturator internus on the left and right sides and the muscles that correct their lengths?
• In PRI Integration for Fitness and Movement, what does the term 'stress' refer to?
• In a Left AIC pattern, what explains why the right ASIS looks inferior to the left ASIS?
• What effects does the quadratus lumborum have on the spine? On the pelvis? On the rib cage?
• In a Left AIC pattern, what is typically the first soft tissue pathology to occur?
• What is proprioception? What happens to movement if there's inadequate proprioceptive input?
• Reference centers keep which type of system upright in the environment?
• What causes the right subclavius to be locked down?
• Which muscle group is needed to engage at heel strike to decelerate anterior pelvic rotation and to posteriorly rotate the pelvis?
• According to PRI, what HALT score is required before returning to training?
• What occurs at vertebrae and rib cage during right trunk rotation? What happens to air flow?
• In a Patho PEC, what is the state of the muscles?
• The position of joints reflects which aspects of muscles?
• Movement dysfunctions in the follow-through/deceleration phase are typically due to what?
• In a normal Right BC, how is the right scapula oriented? (Five details.)
• What does the PRI Seated Functional Trunk Integration Test assess?
• Thoracic abduction is synonymous with which movement?
• Which muscles comprise the intrinsic sleeve?
• In a normal Right BC, which rib rotations are observed?
• In postural restoration concepts, the latissimus dorsi act as agonists for which muscle group and as antagonists to which group?
• Which strategy is used to achieve the functional left heel strike during gait in a Left AIC pattern?
• What is the beginning and end of the acceleration phase of pitching?
• Biomechanics is a representation of what type of tone.
• Which brain region's capacity to inhibit subcortical sympatho-excitatory stress responses is linked to vagal tone and RSA?
• In the six reference centers, which item involves the right lateral posterior upper ribs when in left AF IR?
• In the Adduction Lift Test, Level Four and Five findings: if the left leg appears shorter, this is due to what?
• Which stance is targeted last in the Left AIC myokinematic treatment sequence?
• Which sequence describes the management steps for Superior T4 Syndrome?
• Which muscle typically dominates the function of the subscapularis?
• What often indicates an overlengthened ipsilateral ischiofemoral ligament?
• In a left AIC, which hip position is associated with the right obturator being relatively long?
• What is a pseudo-ZOA?
• Feeling the right glute max means that what two deeper muscles are also working?
• What is a polyarticular chain?
• The vastus lateralis becomes overactive when which two muscles become inactive?
• The AIC is a swing-phase chain that drives the body into contralateral stance. Which option correctly describes this?
• What does an inability to score a three on the Standing Eversion AF Abduction with Trunk Rotation Test indicate?
• In the Left AIC pattern, which gait phases are involved?
• Movement patterns are heavily influenced by which neural centers?
• Why does the right scapula appear depressed even though it is elevated?
• Which of the following is one of the six reference centers?
• In the PRI Integration for Fitness and Movement manual, what does BTS stand for?
• Where are the proximal attachments of iliacus and psoas?
• In the described biomechanical analogy, the right lower trapezius's scapular tilt corresponds to which pelvic action?
• Which hemidiaphragm has relatively limited respiratory function?
• Right unilateral forced nostril breathing is associated with an increase in tone from what branch of the autonomic nervous system?
• In the described compensation, how is the left scapula oriented?
• If a pitcher cannot achieve adequate trunk rotation position and timing (as seen in a BC or T4 pattern), what compensatory movement typically occurs?
• Which description best explains how obturator internus length changes affect hip mechanics in a left AIC?
• In PRI concepts, which approach is emphasized: treat the pattern or the symptoms?
• Which statement best describes the lumbar effect of the left psoas major orientation?
• Which muscles and positions are critical in the acceleration phase of throwing?
• Which tissue region is listed as part of the six treatment considerations for a Right Superior T4 Syndrome patient?
• During Left Sidelying Right Glute Max, which muscle should not be felt due to avoiding the adduction component of adductor magnus?
• Which hemidiaphragm is associated with greater respiratory contribution due to its size?
• The sacrospinous ligament pulls the sacrum toward which structure?
• What are the two notable muscles that posteriorly tip the scapula?
• If shoulder internal is full on the right side in a Right BC, then what is possible?
• If you feel the Left IC adductor working, which four deeper muscles are also working?
• During the follow-through and deceleration phase for right- and left-handed pitchers, which alignment is recommended?
• Why is gait efficiency reduced when you lose the Zone of Apposition on one or both sides due to hyperactive superficial sagittal based muscle activity?
• During the windup phase for a right-handed pitcher, which muscle should be activated to inhibit the right adductor and right QL?
• What motion do the latissimus dorsi prevent the ribs from performing?
• How will a left AIC patterned person press on the sympathetic ganglia?
• Which reference center involves the left anterior hip capsule/right posterior hip?
• Because diaphragmatic proprioceptors are relatively scarce, the zone of apposition (ZOA) is largely influenced by which factor?
• Which muscles help with left IP internal rotation?
• In the stride phase for a right-handed pitcher, which combination of actions is most critical to achieve proper right arm and trunk alignment?
• Breathing improves hamstring flexibility because the AIC chain runs from the diaphragm to the lateral knee.
• Which two ligaments limit excessive femoral external rotation?
• To facilitate the Right Anterior Inlet, which muscles are targeted?
• According to I&I, what is the goal?
• What is the action of the triangularis sternum?
• In the Left AIC/Right BC pattern, as the thorax counter rotates to the left, which describes the rotation of the scapulae?
• What reference center in what position gives you right glute max?
• How does unexhaled air contribute to 'un-grounding'?
• Which muscle is not among the five excessively tight in the PEC?
• If a person has high arches off the ground and arches collapse under weight, what footwear is recommended?
• What practical recommendation follows from the concept of inactive physiology?
• Which muscles contribute to subclavian lockdown by pulling on the upper ribs?
• What does the Quadruped Reciprocal TS/ST Stability Test assess?
• As the throwing arm begins to accelerate from the position of maximum HG ER, which muscle is critical to maintain joint centration in the acceleration phase?
• Which statement correctly describes mediastinal size and lung lobe distribution?
• How does an overactive right scalene, as occurs in Superior T4 Syndrome, affect the right ribs, the left ribs and the vertebrae?
• The Level Five Adduction Lift Test corresponds to which timing relative to heel strike?
• What is a functional consequence of left abdominal wall weakness?
• In a closed kinetic chain, the vastus lateralis has what two functions in addition to being a knee extensor?
• The Standing Reach Test determines if the person can perform what with their pelvis?
• What is the difference between the anterior gluteus medius and the posterior gluteus medius?
• A Right Hruska Adduction Lift Test of a one and limited left FA IR indicates you want to do what followed by what?
• Inability to get from a two to a three in the Hruska Adduction Lift Test may indicate poor what in the top leg? What muscles might you want to train?
• Under increasing stress, what occurs?
• Which combination of actions do the BC opposition muscles aim to produce?
• Which action would facilitate the left triangularis sternum to help deflate a hyperinflated left lung?
• A Right BC should have limited cervical axial rotation in which direction?
• In a Left AIC, the left pelvic diaphragm descent is appropriate for which stance?
• What are the consequences of losing a frame of reference in flexion?
• In a Left AIC, the left anterior inlet and left anterior outlet move in what relation?
• What effect does the heart muscle have on airflow into the chest?
• Trunk rotation test measures the orientation of which region?
• During the windup phase for a left AIC right-handed pitcher, what tends to happen?
• For excessive cramping in the left IC adductor or can't feel the anterior glute medius, what should you do?
• What is the biological definition of adaptation and why does an organism strive to adapt?
• Which describes the thorax orientation in a normal Right BC?
• Which statement best describes the role of the left peripheral space cue during left-leg balance training in these patterns?
• Higher HF power or RSA correlate with what?
• In Level Five of the Adduction Lift Test, what is the direction of trunk rotation relative to the stance leg?
• In Left AIC, during Standing Reach Test, reaching toward the right toes causes the pelvis to rotate toward which direction?
• In the usual pattern, which combination describes standing on a leg, thorax orientation, and reaching arm?
• In a Right BC posture, why is the right lower trapezius lengthened from both ends?
• Which description best characterizes leg-whipping during running?
• If the right subclavius is locked down, which muscles disengaged?
• How does flattening the thoracic spine affect the area of the posterior mediastinum?
• Which event is characteristic of Level Five in the Hruska Abduction Lift Test?
• What is the primary goal of training in the Hruska Adduction Lift Test protocol?
• Which reference center gives left IC adductor?
• What findings are expected in the Passive Abduction Raise Test for a PEC pattern?
• How does the serratus anterior rotate the scapula?
• Why might someone with hypermobility have excessive tone?
• Which reference center gives us left hamstring?
• What does Left AIC compensatory movement do to the lumbar spine and pelvis?
• What are the Three R's? What is their order?
• With the BC opposition muscles, the goal is to create what three things?
• Which muscle is NOT part of the brachial chain as described?
• Which are the three cavities designed to aid in movement of air and support the upright posture?
• During Level Two of the Hruska Adduction Lift Test, if the patient can feel the left adductor but not the left gluteus medius, what should be the treatment focus?
• What defines the ideal balanced response to gravity?
• In Superior T4 Syndrome, which ribs are elevated by the right scalenes?
• Why will a PEC's spine press on the sympathetic ganglia?
• Which chest wall tends to lack mobility?
• Why might the left leg appear longer?
• What are the two actions of the subclavius?
• In the Left AIC/Right BC pattern, which statement best describes the right lower trapezius during thoracic counter-rotation?
• Knee pain can be due to a hyperactive which muscle rather than underactive VMO?
• What does a score of a zero on the Standing Eversion AF Abduction with Trunk Rotation Test indicate?
• If the right subclavius is locked down, what happens to the right shoulder girdle?
• What does an inability to score a five on the Standing Eversion AF Abduction with Trunk Rotation Test indicate?
• Explain why 'subclavian lockdown' occurs.
• What are the most powerfully positioned internal rotators?
• Loss of Zone of Apposition leads to what in terms of thorax-pelvis coordination?
• A Level Five on the Adduction Lift Test correlates to which gait phase?
• Which statement best describes the left side stabilization pattern (Left AIC) in terms of hip and thigh muscles?
• Ischemia most commonly refers to inadequate blood supply to which organ?
• If you don’t feel both adductor and glute medius when lifting the knee during HALT, what is your score?
• Which combination of movements at the wrist and shoulder engage the serratus anterior?
• What does PADT stand for?
• In a Right BC, horizontal abduction should be decreased on which side?
• Which option describes the rib action produced by the right scalene in Superior T4 Syndrome?
• Sensory input and processing dictate what?
• Which two muscles affect the length of the obturator internus?
• Which movement lengthens the obturator internus?
• What does the Standing Eversion AF Abduction with Trunk Rotation Test measure?
• In a Left AIC, Right BC pattern, what should occur during a trunk rotation test regarding knee movement?
• Anytime necks are working, it's because the 'blanks' aren't working. Which muscle group completes the sentence?
• What is the main indicator that someone has Superior T4 Syndrome?
• Why is there a tendency to relax the left abdominal wall?
• In a Right BC, shoulder flexion should be decreased on which side?
• In the left AIC pattern, the left AIC pulls a person into which stance?
• In a left AIC, what condition makes the left AIC more prominent?
• In the right-lateralized visual pattern, how do the eyes typically accommodate to perceive the environment, and what is the consequence for left-sided visual space?
• In the Quadruped Reciprocal TS/ST Stability Test, which step involves turning the palm upward toward the ceiling?
• In gait mechanics, the hamstrings are stance-phase muscles. If the hamstrings are underactive, which phase would you be stuck in?
• When is the body most vulnerable to instability?
• The subscapularis is analogous to which pelvic muscle?
• Why might it be better to perform the Thomas Test before the Adduction Drop Test?
• Which muscle in the Right BC becomes very active yet can fully relax between contractions, and why?
• Which thoracic posture inhibits the sympathetic nervous system?
• Why is it good to exhale through your mouth?
• Knee position reflects which position?
• Which muscles form the last tier of hole control around the acetabulum?
• In PRI concepts, should you treat the pattern or the symptoms?
• In the Quadruped Reciprocal TS/ST Stability Test, what is Step Four?
• Which statement accurately describes the status of the obturator muscles in the described model?
• Which manual technique is used on someone with Superior T4 Syndrome?
• Which vagus nerve is longer?
• How do states of relaxation and stress affect the inhalation-to-exhalation ratio?
• In Left AIC pattern, standing on the left leg, the pelvic inlet tends to face which direction?
• Which step in the Quadruped Reciprocal TS/ST Stability Test involves flexing the elbow to 90 degrees and externally rotating the arm into the cocking position?
• What is PRI's understanding of femoral acetabular impingement (FAI)?
• If you see a flat thoracic spine, what is true of the ribs?
• Which side is consistently described as having greater structural influence on thoracic mechanics?
• If a Right BC has full left horizontal abduction, what pathology might they have?
• In a Left AIC, which leg in front makes a split easier and why?
• What is hyperopia and what does it cause in the system?
• What characterizes the focal visual pathway?
• James Anderson states PRI uses which system to modulate, regulate, and integrate the nervous system?
• In acceleration, which action helps promote proper timing between lead leg AF IR and contralateral trunk rotation, along with trunk flexion toward the plate?
• In the Left AIC pattern, the right piriformis long and weak may relate to which syndrome?
• In Step One of the Standing Eversion AF Abduction with Trunk Rotation Test, which description is accurate regarding hip position?
• What are the two anterior hip ligaments?
• What often accounts for breakdown in throwing mechanics during the acceleration phase of pitching?
• Which description best explains the effect of thorax counter-rotation to the left on scapular motion in the pattern discussed?
• What is Step Three in the six steps of the Quadruped Reciprocal TS/ST Stability Test?
• What is the focus of initial repositioning and retraining for a Superior T4 Syndrome patient as described in the material?
• In the stride phase for a left-handed pitcher, which action best supports staying back?
• The position of which structure reflects the position of muscles?
• In the Quadruped Reciprocal TS/ST Stability Test, what does a score of one indicate?
• If the lower and upper halves of the body can synchronize their movement in the sagittal and frontal planes, where does separation in the transverse plane occur?
• In compensation with right stance, which movement describes the thorax?
• Which statement accurately describes vision?
• What does reduced RSA indicate?
• The ribs need to be blank and blank for the diaphragm to be optimally domed, which occurs during exhalation.
• Which triangularis sternum should be inhibited and which should be facilitated?
• A positive Pelvic Ascension Drop Test indicates that the outlet is adducted.
• What does alternating reciprocal activity refer to?
• What should initial repositioning and retraining focus on for a Superior T4 Syndrome patient?
• Which statement best aligns with managing hypermobility by targeting musculature rather than ligaments?
• In a Standing Reach Test, a person with a Left AIC is better able to touch which toes?
• What are the four key PRI tests for transverse plane function?
• Loss of the Zone of Apposition causes an inability to retract and internally rotate the ribs, which is the prerequisite for what movements?
• During which phase of gait are grounding requirements the greatest?
• What is a technique to relax visual focus and promote visual recovery?
• During 90-90 testing, using a shelf under the feet tends to recruit which muscle groups?
• Which statement best describes the effect of improving the zone of apposition on the left side?
• PEC postural changes due to tight muscles.
• Respiration drives neurological changes that drive biomechanical changes. Which type of change is driven by respiration?
• In PRI terminology, the Right AIC pattern is paired with which pattern, and is the relationship contralateral?
• During right stance on the right leg, where should the center of mass be aligned to organize posture?
• Which option correctly identifies the two parts of the iliofemoral ligament?
• On the right side, vastus lateralis overactivity is associated with which hip position and what effect does the muscle have?
• During the cocking phase, which coordination is essential for contralateral rotation between the pelvis and trunk?
• The ischiocondylar adductor is the ligamentous muscle for which ligament?
• In the frontal plane if the left chest is not deflated?
• What does a zero on the Hruska Adduction Lift Test indicate? What should your treatment be?
• In the Left AIC pattern, which innominate is stuck in external rotation?
• Which five muscles are excessively tight in the PEC?
• What is the high frequency (HF) band of heart rate variability mainly related to?
• What does it mean that the left hemi-diaphragm is concentrically effective for left thoracic rotation and extension?
• What are three muscles that help with L IP IR?
• Which lung typically has three lobes, and what is the proposed functional reason?
• Inhibition occurs with inhalation if it is preceded by what?
• Which observation is associated with increased stress in trunk activation?
• If a Right BC has full left shoulder flexion, what pathology might they have?
• How does the right hemi-diaphragm's pull on the lumbar vertebrae affect the orientation of the lumbar spine and pelvis?
• What are three general qualities of good PRI shoes?
• Explain what occurs to the spinal and scapular attachments of the serratus anterior in Superior T4 Syndrome.
• A BC or T4 pattern is often associated with insufficient trunk rotation; what compensatory movement does the thorax typically perform?
• Which combination of movements at the wrist and shoulder engage the lower trapezius?
• If there is excessive external rotation ROM when the hip is extended, which ligaments primarily restrain this motion?
• According to Zac Cupple's summary, which order should you target the zones of alignment (ZOA) first?
• Grounding, which the PRI Integration for Fitness and Movement contends is our most important reference, provides what?
• Which description best describes the AIC's phase and its effect on gait?
• L IP ER is synonymous with which myokinematics term?
• In a right-lateralized pattern, what is the effect on left-sided visual space perception?
• Why should you not stretch the hip flexors until you approximate the hip?
• Which planes contribute to placing the left obturator internus in a neutral mid-length position?
• What explains the very large RSA/baroreflex oscillations at the resonance frequency?
• In a Left AIC pattern, what are the typical piriformis pathologies on the left and right?
• Which statement about the AIC and its chains is true?
• How does the spine's position affect scapular function and management of internal abdominal pressure?
• Which part of the iliofemoral ligament limits external rotation when the hip is in 90 degrees of flexion?
• Explain the two thorax patterns typically observed in extension patterns (PECs). What happens to the center of mass in each pattern and what is the typical airflow pattern?
• The left posterior ribs, which are a reference center, are the location of which structure?
• Which statement describes ambient and focal visual pathways?
• What are the keys for a right-handed pitcher in the windup phase?
• Which reference center corresponds to the right medial longitudinal arch when the left leg is in AF internal rotation?
• After you use the subclavius manual technique on someone with Superior T4 Syndrome, what two muscles do you want to facilitate?
• In the Left AIC pattern, the right innominate is stuck in which rotation?
• What happens with chronic overuse of visual accommodation?
• What often happens in the stride phase for a Left AIC, Right BC or Superior T4 Syndrome right-handed pitcher?
• In the Left AIC, Right BC pattern, which rib flare is anterior on the left and which rib flare is posterior on the right?
• During the follow-through/deceleration phase of pitching, the rotator cuff primarily decelerates the arm by doing what?
• What are the five main BC opposition muscles?
• Can a left AIC alternate? Can they reciprocate?
• The gluteus medius is a ligamentous muscle for which ligament?
• Which are the characteristics of flatback syndrome?
• Which statement about relaxation and inhalation-to-exhalation ratio is true?
• Sagittal anti-gravitational movement and control is better provided by which hip?
• In the left AIC, the left innominate is described as which orientation?
• What emerges when cortical control is unable to efficiently respond to stress?
• During right stance, the central axis around which posture is organized passes through which structures?
• Which combination is considered pathological?
• In the left AIC pattern, the spine orientation is described as which orientation?
• Higher HF power or RSA are markers of what?
• Which statement describes the relationship between the left posterior ribs and the posterior left diaphragm?
• What is the first gait goal for a Left AIC patient and which muscle should engage to achieve it?
• The thorax is rotated in which direction?
• The left molars are equivalent to which reference center?
• In gait assessment, what landmark is used as a reference center?
• What movement do the left invertors produce?
• In the cocking phase for a right-handed pitcher, which motion is key to proper hip and trunk control?
• Which reference center involves the left posterior calcaneal tuberosity?
• Which reference center is considered the most important?
• What ligament blends with the hamstrings?
• How does grounding affect the function of the scalenes?
• Which of the following is NOT described as part of the left AIC?
• What happens during visual accommodation?
• Which statement best describes excessive divergence in vision?
• When the left innominate anteriorly tips, what do the sacrum and tailbone do?
• What are the three categories of sensory receptors and what does each category do?
• According to James Anderson, which is more important: getting air out of the left chest wall or getting air into the right chest wall?
• Is there better lumbopelvic stability on the right or left?
• Which side's apical expansion is limited in Superior T4 Syndrome?
• Which describes the combination in hyperkyphosis described as extended, hyperinflated posture?
• Which statement is true regarding the posterior left diaphragm?
• What is Step Four in the Standing Eversion AF Abduction with Trunk Rotation Test?
• The 'left posterior ribs' are a reference center. Which choice correctly identifies them?
• Which factor primarily influences the zone of apposition when diaphragmatic proprioception is limited?
• What is the purpose of the adductor pullback in the HALT?
• In how many degrees of hip flexion are the hip ligaments loosest?
• Which ligament limits external rotation in hip extension?
• How does the liver affect the shape of the right hemi-diaphragm?
• In a Left AIC, how does the left posterior ilium rotate on the sacrum, and how does the right posterior ilium rotate on the sacrum?
• How can we remain upright without impinging into extension?
• How does a flat or twisted thoracic spine affect the sympathetic ganglia?
• Which foot positioning change in Standing Wall Supported Reach increases femoral internal rotation and adduction?
• Ischemia is defined as?
• Acquisition of left hip internal rotation, adduction, and extension (Right AIC pattern) is needed to create what?
• What is the effect on center of gravity when inhalation expands the front of the chest and the thorax protracts?
• System flexion leads to increased instability and the risk of what?
• How do you shorten the right obturator internus?
• Why should the left shoulder be lower than the right during right trunk rotation?
• What does variable movement reduce?
• Which statement describes the diaphragms' position in the hyperinflated thorax pattern?
• Which statement describes the left piriformis in a Left AIC pattern?
• In a Left AIC pattern, which characteristic describes the left piriformis?
• Which pairing correctly associates inhalation with the corresponding visual state?
• In the described compensation, the right scapula appears protracted with which orientation?
• If there is L IP ER, then what must be happening at the L IS and L IsP?
• Why do the shoulders appear level in Superior T4 Syndrome?
• Facilitating which two muscles as abductors can shut off the right vastus lateralis, and which is the better abductor?
• Which bone forms the septum of the pelvis?
• Feeling the left anterior gluteus medius working means that what deeper muscle is also working?
• What is the common scapular adaptation to a deflated and restricted right thorax in Superior T4 Syndrome?
• Is the triangularis sterni/transverse thoracis a muscle of inhalation or exhalation?
• Crudely expressed, in a PEC you want to facilitate which three muscle groups?
• Which three movements help dissipate the energy generated to accelerate the ball and reduce distraction forces at the shoulder during follow-through?
• What rotation pattern does the right serratus induce on the ribs?
• Which is the correct primary driver to turn on the right posterior pelvic outlet?
• What in the Extension Drop Test indicates pathology?
• An inability to achieve a level five in the Quadruped Reciprocal TS/ST Stability Test indicates?
• Which is an ideal value for the PRI Seated Functional Trunk Integration Test?
• What are the three most powerfully positioned external rotators?
• The pelvic diaphragm refers to what four muscles?
• To Facilitate the Left Anterior Pelvic Outlet, which muscle group is targeted?
• In a Right BC posture, which muscle becomes lengthened from both ends?
• At level two of the Hruska Adduction Lift Test, which two muscles should be felt working?
• During the Passive Abduction Raise Test, what must you ensure about the trunk position?
• Which plane puts the right obturator internus in a neutral, mid-length position?
• The dome of the diaphragm sits at which vertebral level?
• Which muscles help with right IP external rotation?
• What characterizes the ambient visual pathway?
• Which statement about the vagus nerves is true in this context?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between a depressed right rib cage and the right scapula?
• In the cocking phase for a left-handed pitcher, which action is essential to prevent back extension and rotate the pelvis to the right?
• In a Left AIC pattern, which statement correctly describes hip injuries?
• In the Hruska Adduction Lift Test, Level Four and Level Five correspond to which position and phase of gait?
• The Pelvic Ascension Drop Test determines what?
• What is acetabular abduction? For what is it important?
• Why is the right pec minor short?
• In the Left AIC pattern, which left-side muscle groups become overactive to stabilize the left pelvis?
• What is an important cue for the PRI Seated Functional Trunk Integration Test?
• If the right rib cage is depressed, what is the expected appearance of the right scapula?
• Which statement about the trunk is true?
• What is myopia and what does it cause in the system?
• Which muscle pair is identified as part of the Quadruped Reciprocal TS/ST Stability Test to support proper scapular function?
• The pelvic inlet position is the same as the position of the ipsilateral femur and opposite of the ipsilateral pelvic outlet.
• What two muscles must you feel to score a 2/5 on the Hruska Adduction Lift Test?
• What's the difference between a PEC and a Patho PEC?
• Explain why the pressure gradient favors air flow into the left side.
• To Turn On the Left Posterior Pelvic Inlet, which muscles are engaged?
• What is the action of the distal fibers of the right glute max on the femur?
• Which strategy aligns with PRI to minimize the impact of FAI?
• A Right BC should have limited apical expansion on which side?
• What is Jen Poulin's treatment strategy for people with excessive passive straight leg raises?
• Which component of HRV is primarily related to parasympathetic activity?
• If the left hemi-diaphragm contracts from a flattened position, which trunk rotation occurs?
• The nervous system signals muscles to work based on what?
• Which statement is true about the reference center for the left IC adductor?
• What explains why a PEC's chest wall expansion is limited?
• What describes the four-phase treatment sequence in a Left AIC Myokinematic patient?
• Don’t internally rotate until you approximate to seat the femur in the acetabulum. What should you do first?
• When the Left AIC pulls a person into right stance, which of the following describes the right scapula orientation as part of compensation?
• What must be established to use transverse mobility effectively and well controlled according to PRI guidance?
• After an ipsilateral obturator stretch, which additional stretch may be optimal?
• Being on your heels activates which two muscle groups?
• What does the acronym Left AIC stand for in PRI concepts?
• Which sensations are included in proprioception?
• Why do some people look at the ground when they walk?
• Thoracic abduction is synonymous with which movement?
• In Step Six, what should the patient do?
• Are muscles of inhalation tonic or phasic? What about muscles of exhalation? What are functions of the phasic muscles?
• What happens when cortical centers cannot efficiently respond to stress?
• What is the initial setup for the Supine Reach with Bar Over Feet?
• During sustained inhalation that causes thorax protraction, what happens to thoracic posture and pelvis?
• In the Hruska Adduction Lift Test, the bottom leg is looking at which gait phase and the top leg looks at which phase?
• What divides the thorax into two cavities?
• Which statement best describes visual convergence and its typical association?
• Which three muscles are often overdeveloped and hypertonic in swimmers?
• In sitting assessment, what landmark is used as a reference center?
• What is the action of the proximal fibers of the right glute max on the ilium on the sacrum?
• What happens in femur orientation? What happens in femur compensation?
• The latissimus dorsi drive which motion in this context?
• When walking, which landmark is used as reference center?
• When the hemipelvis anteriorly rotates, how does the acetabulum move and what does that imply about leg length?
• Will PECs be strong supinators or pronators?
• How do you Shut Off the Right Anterior Outlet (i.e., inhibit the Right Adductor)?
• How do sight and vision differ?
• In left AIC patterns, the mechanism is described as a return to what type of neural patterns for stability and control?
• How do you perform the Trunk Rotation test?
• RSA amplitude seems to reach a maximum at a respiration rate of about how many breaths per minute?
• Which item is included in the brachial chain?
• From a brain-centric perspective, what do the amplitude of the high frequency band of HRV and RSA measure and indicate?
• The left psoas major orients the lumbar spine to which direction?
• What are the top three anti-gravitational internal rotators?
• Left ilio-pubo external rotation means the left ilium is in which position?
• What is the effect of thoracic extension on the sympathetic ganglia?
• In a Left AIC pattern, if it's easier to split with the left leg in front, what does that indicate?
• Is the obturator internus an internal or external rotator?
• Adducting the femurs has what effect on the pelvic outlet and the pelvic diaphragm?
• What does L IsP IR mean?
• Which term describes the hip position used to maximize articular congruence, commonly referred to as frog legs?
• What happens if the thrower allows his throwing-side elbow to pass over his shoulder?
• What does an inability to score a four on the Standing Eversion AF Abduction with Trunk Rotation Test indicate?
• Which direction does the left lower trapezius and left serratus anterior exercises promote in the mid-thoracic region?
• Increased stability via extension is desirable in what condition?
• In a Left AIC, Right BC, the left anterior rib flare is matched by which posterior rib flare?
• Grounding is sensed via which receptors?
• Why does a Superior T4 patient test positive for bilateral BC activity? Why does the patient have restricted trunk rotation in both directions?
• Which statement best describes the central axis concept in PRI movement strategy?
• Why is apical expansion limited on the left in Superior T4 Syndrome?
• Which side shows better lumbopelvic stability according to the described pattern?
• What is referencing?
• What are the consequences of the right subclavius being locked down?
• If a Thomas Test is positive, what would you expect for the Adduction Drop Test according to PRI guidance?
• When sitting, which anatomical landmark is often difficult for patients to locate as a reference center?
• An inability to achieve a 1 on the Functional Squat Test indicates what?
• Why is it better to inhale through the nose?
• What does an inability to score a two on the Standing Eversion AF Abduction with Trunk Rotation Test indicate?
• In training a PEC, which type of work should be performed first?
• Which two muscles are quieted by the right serratus?
• In Left AIC pattern, why might the left leg appear longer?
• What does the Passive Abduction Raise Test determine?
• What indicates optimal obturator function?
• The term 'trunk' refers to the thoracic spine above which vertebrae?
• Until air is expelled from the left chest wall, what happens to the right arm and trunk rotation?
• How do you create separation without compensation between the pelvis and thorax in transverse plane?
• Where is the piriformis positioned relative to the gluteus maximus?
• Standing mainly on the right lower extremity to offset the weight of the left upper torso assists in moving the pelvis forward on the left and the shoulder complex down on the right. Which statement describes this effect?
• In the acceleration phase for a right-handed pitcher, which action is the key?
• During the acceleration phase of a throwing sequence, which muscle group is vital to reduce load and torsion on the throwing arm?
• In a Left AIC pattern, why does the left leg appear shorter when the person is supine?
• Which organ's relationship to the diaphragm helps maintain the right-side dome shape?
• What is the primary source of dysfunction in the cocking phase of throwing, and which muscles are especially important for this phase?
• Which test is the Pelvic Ascension Drop Test used to assess pelvic outlet status?
• What is the closed-packed (secured) position of the hip?
• What is the clinical purpose of maintaining contralateral trunk rotation during the Standing Eversion AF Abduction with Trunk Rotation Test?
• During Step Three, what movement occurs?
• The Quadruped Reciprocal TS/ST Stability Test is named for the side it is named after which side the block is placed under?
• In a Right BC, which rotatory pattern occurs at the T1-T4 region due to right scalene hypertonicity?
• The blank muscle is especially important for hypermobility. Which muscle type is this?
• What happens if the Right BC does not disengage?
• The joint position reflects the position, length, and tone of muscles. Which combination best describes what this indicates about muscle status?
• In the Left AIC pattern, which hip is typically at risk from overuse?
• Which side of the body has better ZOA?
• In stride phase for a right-handed pitcher, which muscles should be inhibited to allow the correct arm and thoracic movement?
• After running, what should you do to open the mediastinum?
• The Hruska Abduction Lift Test assesses which gait phases?
• What role does the CNS play in movement patterns?
• During the stride phase, which description best fits the right posterior gluteus medius and right inferior gluteus maximus in these pitching patterns?
• In Superior T4 Syndrome, why might the right scapula appear retracted?
• The "blank blank" rib hump matches the left anterior rib flare.
• What percentage of patients will have pelvis problems, per Lori Thomsen?
• Which four tests are the key PRI tests for the frontal plane?
• Which muscle is quieted by the right serratus according to the described rib movement pattern?
• How is the Standing Eversion AF Abduction with Trunk Rotation Test named?
• Being on your toes activates which two muscle groups?
• What are the top three anti-gravitational external rotators?
• Which muscles are associated with turning on the left posterior pelvic inlet?
• Why does flatback posture lock a person in an extreme sympathetic tone?
• Which thorax pattern is associated with excessive belly breathing and poor diaphragm use, with the center of mass shifting back?
• What is astigmatism?
• Which muscles are described as primary inhalation muscles (tonic)?
• Which muscle is NOT part of the BC opposition group?
• What links the brachial chain and anterior interior chain?
• Which pair of muscles are internal rotators of the humerus?
• The Right AIC pattern works with which BC pattern?
• Where does the center of mass shift in the first thorax pattern?
• Which hemidiaphragm is larger?
• Which statement best describes the systemic effects of myopia and hyperopia?
• Which muscles comprise the first tier of hole control around the acetabulum?
• Which statement best describes the relative size and strength of the latissimus dorsi compared to the subscapularis?
• In a Left AIC and PEC, how does the left posterior ilium rotate on the sacrum?
• What does the LF/HF ratio correlate with?
• In Superior T4 Syndrome, which rotation is primarily implicated at T1-T4 due to right scalene overactivity?
• What is the normal scoliotic pattern?
• What is respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)?
• What is needed to maintain uprightness when the body doesn't recognize the forces of the ground and gravity?
• How do you lengthen the left obturator internus?
• According to the PRI Integration for Baseball manual, what are the six treatment considerations for a Right Superior T4 Syndrome patient?
• What is the relationship between nasal blood vessels and nasal airflow? What are the implications?
• What is the difference between using a box or bench versus a wall for supine 90-90 exercises?
• Step Five involves which action to engage the ipsilateral serratus anterior?
• If PADT is positive and ADT is also positive, what does this indicate about the ilium?
• When is the body most stable?
• What must not happen when you remove your opposite hand from the surface in the Quadruped Reciprocal TS/ST Stability Test in order to score at least a two?
• During inhalation, what happens to the center of gravity and pelvis?
• Which statement about the Abduction Lift Test ground contact is true?
• Excessive tone in which muscle limits left horizontal abduction?